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Linear gingival erythema (LGE) is a periodontal disorder diagnosed based on distinct clinical characteristics. It was originally thought that LGE was directly associated with HIV, and it was thus called HIV-associated gingivitis (HIV-G).
It was first observed in HIV infected individuals and termed "HIV-gingivitis", but the condition is not confined to this group. [7] This condition can develop into necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. [5] Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative organism in histoplasmosis, which may occasionally involve the gums. [6]
Hairy leukoplakia is one of the most common oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, along with oral candidiasis. [7] It is the most common HIV/AIDS related condition caused by EBV, although EBV associated lymphomas may also occur. [5] OHL mainly occurs in adult males, less commonly in adult females and rarely in children. [8]
Gingival enlargement has a multitude of causes. The most common is chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement, when the gingivae are soft and discolored. This is caused by tissue edema and infective cellular infiltration caused by prolonged exposure to bacterial plaque, and is treated with conventional periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing.
HIV-SGD is more prevalent in HIV positive children than HIV positive adults, [4] at about 19% and 1% respectively. [1] Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-SGD has increased.
An HIV-positive person presenting with a Kaposi's sarcoma lesion with an overlying candidiasis infection in their mouth. The mouth is involved in about 30% of cases, and is the initial site in 15% of AIDS-related KS. In the mouth, the hard palate is most frequently affected, followed by the gums. [19]
Tom Holland is set to film Christopher Nolan’s new movie in 2025 alongside Matt Damon, Anne Hathaway, Zendaya, Charlize Theron and more. But the “Spider-Man” actor remains mostly out of the ...
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage ...