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Gastroenteritis is the main reason for 3.7 million visits to physicians a year in the United States [1] and 3 million visits in France. [81] In the United States gastroenteritis as a whole is believed to result in costs of US$23 billion per year, [82] with rotavirus alone resulting in estimated costs of US$1 billion a year. [1]
The period of illness is acute. Symptoms often start with vomiting followed by four to eight days of profuse diarrhoea. Dehydration is more common in rotavirus infection than in most of those caused by bacterial pathogens, and is the most common cause of death related to rotavirus infection. [71]
Some patients with mild forms of the disease may not need treatment, but a majority of people with Crohn's disease require glucocorticoid medications. [ 24 ] For treating eosinophilic gastroenteritis , the main treatment is usually a corticosteroid medication, as these have been shown to have good efficacy in managing eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
Patient education and a good doctor–patient relationship are an important part of care. [7] [21] About 10–15% of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS. [1] [11] The prevalence varies according to country (from 1.1% to 45.0%) and criteria used to define IBS; however the average global prevalence is 11.2%. [12]
Acute diarrhea is most commonly due to viral gastroenteritis with rotavirus, which accounts for 40% of cases in children under five. [1] In travelers, however, bacterial infections predominate. [27] Various toxins such as mushroom poisoning and drugs can also cause acute diarrhea.
Among the causal agents of acute enterocolitis are: [citation needed] bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter etc. viruses: enteroviruses, rotaviruses, norovirus, adenoviruses; fungi: candidiasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients or who have previously received prolonged antibiotic treatment
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and stool with mucus and blood are present in acute gastroenteritis, but diarrhea is the leading symptom. Rectal prolapse can be differentiated by projecting mucosa that can be felt in continuity with the perianal skin, whereas in intussusception the finger may pass indefinitely into the depth of the sulcus .
More time and resources are used on older patients with abdominal pain than on any other patient presentation in the emergency department (ED). [29] Compared to younger patients with the same complaint, their length of stay is 20% longer, they need to be admitted almost half the time, and they need surgery 1/3 of the time.