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Aniridia is the absence of the iris, a muscular structure that opens and closes the pupil to allow light into the eye. It is also responsible for eye color. Without it, the central eye appears all black. It can be congenital, in which both eyes are usually involved, or caused by a penetrant injury. [1]
The irises of human eyes exhibit a wide spectrum of colours. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [1] [2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
Black-eyed children, or black-eyed kids, in American contemporary legend, are paranormal creatures that resemble children and teenagers, [1] with pale skin and black eyes, who are reportedly seen hitchhiking or begging, or are encountered on doorsteps of residential homes.
The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina. [1] It appears black because light rays entering the pupil are either absorbed by the tissues inside the eye directly, or absorbed after diffuse reflections within the eye that mostly miss exiting the narrow pupil.
Notable historical figures thought to have heterochromia include the Byzantine emperor Anastasius the First, dubbed dikoros (Greek for 'having two pupils'). "His right eye was light blue, while the left was black, nevertheless his eyes were most attractive", is the description of the historian John Malalas.
Unlike other primates, all human beings have eyes with a distinct colour contrast between the white sclera, the coloured iris, and the black pupil. This is due to a lack of pigment in the sclera. Other primates mostly have pigmented sclerae that are brown or dark in colour. There is also a higher contrast between human skin, sclera, and irises.
Stephen Nedoroscik remembers how hard it was being a kid who couldn't toss a football with friends. Diagnosed at birth with two eye conditions, the Team U.S.A. Olympic gymnast always had trouble ...
The entrance pupil is typically about 4 mm in diameter, although it can range from 2 mm (f /8.3) in a brightly lit place to 8 mm (f /2.1) in the dark. The latter value decreases slowly with age; older people's eyes sometimes dilate to not more than 5–6mm in the dark, and may be as small as 1mm in the light. [25] [26]