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Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol, sold under the brand name Combivent among others, is a combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [1] [4] [5] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β 2-adrenergic agonist).
Other related compounds generally have a shorter duration of action and have to be administered twice daily (e.g., formoterol, salmeterol). Still others (e.g., salbutamol/аlbuterol , fenoterol ) have to be used three or four times a day for continuous action, which may be an advantage for patients who need β 2 agonists only occasionally; for ...
Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and intravenous solution. [8] [10] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours. [8] Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious. [8]
When combined with inhaled steroids, β adrenoceptor agonists can improve symptoms. [1] [2] In children this benefit is uncertain and they may be potentially harmful. [2]They should not be used without an accompanying steroid due to an increased risk of severe symptoms, including exacerbation in both children and adults. [3]
A 2013 systematic review of the drug's use as a treatment for acute asthma found that it "was not superior to albuterol regarding efficacy and safety in subjects with acute asthma." The review concluded: "We suggest that levalbuterol should not be used over albuterol for acute asthma." [2] Levalbuterol is notably more costly. [4] [5]
a spray (such as for insufflation)- nebulizer NMT not more than noct. nocte: at night non rep. non repetatur: no repeats (no refills) NPO, n.p.o. nil per os: nothing by mouth AMA style avoids use of this abbreviation (spell out "nothing by mouth") NS normal saline (0.9%) 1/2NS half-normal saline (0.45%) NTE not to exceed o 2, o 2 both eyes
It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. [3] Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours. [3] The nasal spray prevents the glands in the nose from producing large amounts of fluid. [5] [6] It is used to treat rhinorrhea (runny nose) caused by allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, [5] and the common cold.
This long duration of action made the treatment for severe asthma and COPD more convenient for the patients because it is inhaled twice a day. [1] In 2013 an extra long-acting β 2-agonist, vilanterol, was marketed. Its duration of action lasts for 24 hours which should improve patients' compliance and make the treatment more convenient. [2]
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