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Acanthosis nigricans is a medical sign characterised by brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. [1] It is usually found in body folds, [2] such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead and other areas.
After a few months hyperkeratosis develops with a dark grey or brown, ridged appearance on the ankles, knees and elbows. [4] Palms and soles are generally unaffected. [3] A slightly unpleasant, sweet odour may be present. [2]
Severe cases, although rare, do exist. Severe cases entail the buildup of scales everywhere, with areas of the body that have a concentration of sweat glands being the least affected. Areas where the skin rubs against together, such as the armpits, the groin, and the "folded" areas of the elbow and knees, are less affected.
Traditionally, necrolytic acral erythema manifests as distinct, dark red hyperkeratotic plaques with a keratotic border that are usually found on the dorsum of the foot and toes. Ankles, legs, and knees may also be affected in some cases. [4] On occasion, lesions may appear on the buttocks, genitalia, hands, and elbows.
Gottron's sign is a pathognomonic cutaneous manifestation associated with dermatomyositis (DM), which is an inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and muscles. [1] The primary lesion of dermatomyositis appears as a violaceous, macular erythema with a symmetric distribution, which may progress and become poikilodermatous (atrophic with telangiectasia and pigmentary changes) and indurated (as ...
Elbows, knees, back or buttocks Erythema nodosum: Large red bumps that seem to bruise and are tender to touch Anywhere Psoriasis: White, scaly rash over red, flaky, irritated skin Elbows and knees Erythema multiforme: Red, blotchy rash, with "target like" hives or sores. Anywhere Measles: Red rash that is raised with a fever or sore throat.
Dahl's sign (also Thinker's sign or Target sign) [1] is a clinical sign in which areas of darkened (hyperpigmentation) and thickened (hyperkeratotic) skin are seen on the lower thighs and elbows. [2] It occurs in patients with longstanding severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [3]
Its characteristic rash resembles herpes and is the basis of its clinical name. Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by intensely itchy, chronic papulovesicular eruptions, usually distributed symmetrically on extensor surfaces (buttocks, back of neck, scalp, elbows, knees, back, hairline, groin, or face).
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