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The growing block universe, or the growing block view, is a theory of time arguing that the past and present both exist, and the future as yet does not. The present is an objective property, to be compared with a moving spotlight. By the passage of time more of the world comes into being; therefore, the block universe is said to be growing.
Einstein's static universe, aka the Einstein universe or the Einstein static eternal universe, is a relativistic model of the universe proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Shortly after completing the general theory of relativity , Einstein applied his new theory of gravity to the universe as a whole.
This theory is used, for instance, in Julian Barbour's theory of timelessness. [20] On the other hand, George Ellis argues that time is absent in cosmological theories because of the details they leave out. [21] Recently, Hrvoje Nikolić has argued that a block time model solves the black hole information paradox. [22]
A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles. For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a Big Bang and ending with a Big Crunch; in the interim, the ...
Because the Einstein universe soon was recognized to be inherently unstable, it was presently abandoned as a viable model for the universe. It is unstable in the sense that any slight change in either the value of the cosmological constant, the matter density , or the spatial curvature will result in a universe that either expands and ...
The Einstein–de Sitter universe is a model of the universe proposed by Albert Einstein and Willem de Sitter in 1932. [1] On first learning of Edwin Hubble's discovery of a linear relation between the redshift of the galaxies and their distance, [2] Einstein set the cosmological constant to zero in the Friedmann equations, resulting in a model of the expanding universe known as the Friedmann ...
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The Friedmann–Einstein universe is a model of the universe published by Albert Einstein in 1931. [1] The model is of historic significance as the first scientific publication in which Einstein embraced the possibility of a cosmos of time-varying radius.