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The testicles are two gonads that produce sperm by meiotic division of germ cells within the seminiferous tubules, [1] and synthesize and secrete androgens that regulate the male reproductive functions. The site of production of androgens is the Leydig cells that are located in the interstitium between seminiferous tubules. [1]
Androgens are synthesized in the testes, the ovaries, and the adrenal glands. Androgens increase in both males and females during puberty. [3] The major androgen in males is testosterone. [4] Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androstenedione are of equal importance in male development. [4] DHT in utero causes differentiation of the penis, scrotum ...
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor [9] that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, [10] in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.
Sertoli cells function to nourish the developing sperm cells. They secrete androgen-binding protein, a binding protein which increases the concentration of testosterone. There are two types: convoluted and straight, convoluted toward the lateral side, and straight as the tubule comes medially to form ducts that will exit the testis.
In a male embryo, the testicular cords will induce the development of the Wolffian duct into the vas deferens, epididymis and the seminal vesicle and cause the repression and regression of the Mullerian duct. [4] The other male sex organs (ex. the prostate) as well as external genitalia are also formed under the influence of testosterone. [4]
The epididymis (/ ɛ p ɪ ˈ d ɪ d ɪ m ɪ s /; pl.: epididymides / ɛ p ɪ d ɪ ˈ d ɪ m ə d iː z / or / ɛ p ɪ ˈ d ɪ d ə m ɪ d iː z /) is an elongated tubular genital organ attached to the posterior side of each one of the two male reproductive glands, the testicles.
More specifically, androgenetic alopecia is caused by a genetic sensitivity to an androgen called DHT. Your body creates DHT as a byproduct of testosterone, the main androgen hormone in the male body.
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.