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From left to right: the two isomeric groups propyl and 1-methylethyl (iPr or isopropyl), and the non-isomeric cyclopropyl group. In organic chemistry, a propyl group is a three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula −CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 for the linear form.
Isomeric relationships form a hierarchy. Two chemicals might be the same constitutional isomer, but upon deeper analysis be stereoisomers of each other. Two molecules that are the same stereoisomer as each other might be in different conformational forms or be different isotopologues. The depth of analysis depends on the field of study or the ...
For example, butanol H 3 C−(CH 2) 3 −OH, methyl propyl ether H 3 C−(CH 2) 2 −O−CH 3, and diethyl ether (H 3 CCH 2 −) 2 O have the same molecular formula C 4 H 10 O but are three distinct structural isomers. The concept applies also to polyatomic ions with the same total charge. A classical example is the cyanate ion O=C=N − and ...
In chemistry, metamerism is used to define the isomeric relationship between compounds with the same polyvalent, heteroatomic, functional group but differ in the main carbon chain or any of the side chains. It has rather been an obsolete term for isomerism, which has not been recognised by IUPAC in its publications. [1]
Structures of the three isomers of tolyl group. In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene. [1] They have the general formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 −R, the change of the relative position of the methyl and the R substituent on the aromatic ring can generate three possible structural isomers 1,2 (ortho), 1,3 (meta), and 1,4 (para).
These groups are found in many compounds. Propenyl compounds are isomeric with allyl compounds, which have the formula CH 2-CH=CH 2. The three common precursors to lignin are derivatives of propenylbenzene: paracoumaryl alcohol (1), coniferyl alcohol (2) and sinapyl alcohol (3).
In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. [1] ( In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the terms substituent and functional group, as well as side chain and pendant group, are used almost interchangeably to describe those branches from the parent structure, [2] though certain ...
The butyl group's carbon that is connected to the rest (R) of the molecule is called the R I or R-prime carbon [citation needed]. The prefixes sec (from "secondary") and tert (from "tertiary") refer to the number of additional side chains (or carbons) connected to the first butyl carbon.