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The Stuarts were monarchs of Britain and Ireland and its growing empire until the death of Queen Anne in 1714, except for the period of the Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660. [note 3] In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603, the last of whom was James VI, before his accession in England.
Jacobitism [c] was a political ideology advocating the restoration of the Catholic House of Stuart to the British throne.When James II of England chose exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England ruled he had "abandoned" the English throne, which was given to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and her husband William III. [1]
At the time of Anne's death in August 1714, 66 descendants of the Stuart dynasty were alive, but the first 54, being Roman Catholic, were excluded by the Act of Settlement. The succession thus fell to Elector George Louis of Hanover, the eldest son of Electress Sophia (who had died a few months before), to the British throne.
The Stuart period began in 1603 with the death of Queen Elizabeth I and the accession of King James I. There was a break in the middle but the Stuarts were restored to the throne in 1660. It ended in 1714 (after 111 years) with the death of Queen Anne and the accession of King George I, the first king of the House of Hanover. The yellow bars ...
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766) [a] was the House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena , he was Prince of Wales and heir until his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the ...
James II and VII's other grandson, Henry Benedict Stuart, was the last of his legitimate descendants, as he took a career as a Catholic prelate and as such never married. Henry Benedict Stuart died in 1807, by which time the Jacobite succession ceased to have supporters in any number.
The need for this Act of Settlement was prompted by the inability of William and Mary, as well as of Mary's Protestant sister (the future Queen Anne), to produce any surviving children, and by the perceived threat posed by the pretensions to the throne by remaining Roman Catholic members of the House of Stuart.
The Stuart Restoration was the reinstatement in May 1660 of the Stuart monarchy in England, ... were recalled, ... nor could any English monarch marry a Roman Catholic.