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2. Onboard refueling vapor recovery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor...

   The vapors which are displaced from the fuel tank by the incoming fuel are routed via the vapor vent line to the canister and are absorbed by activated carbon. These canisters are made of either steel or plastic. The size of this canister is tailored to accommodate expected evaporative emissions.

3. Crankcase ventilation system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system

   PCV valve on Ford Taunus V4 engine (feeding from left side valve cover into the inlet manifold) A crankcase ventilation system (CVS) removes unwanted gases from the crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The system usually consists of a tube, a one-way valve and a vacuum source (such as the inlet manifold).

4. Vehicle emissions control - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control

   Evaporative emissions are the result of gasoline vapors escaping from the vehicle's fuel system. Since 1971, all U.S. vehicles have had fully sealed fuel systems that do not vent directly to the atmosphere; mandates for systems of this type appeared contemporaneously in other jurisdictions.

5. OBD-II PIDs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs

   Commanded evaporative purge 0 100 % 2F: 47: 1 Fuel Tank Level Input 0 100 % 30: 48: 1 Warm-ups since codes cleared 0 255 31: 49: 2 Distance traveled since codes cleared 0 65,535 km + 32: 50: 2 Evap. System Vapor Pressure -8,192 8191.75 Pa

6. Exhaust gas recirculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation

   EGR valve the top of box on top of the inlet manifold of a Saab H engine in a 1987 Saab 90. In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. [1]

7. Exhaust gas - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas

   The largest part of most combustion gas is nitrogen (N 2), water vapor (H 2 O) (except with pure-carbon fuels), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) (except for fuels without carbon); these are not toxic or noxious (although water vapor and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change).