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Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory, [1] [2] is a theory of the atonement within Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God ...
El Greco's Jesus Carrying the Cross, 1580.. Substitutionary atonement, also called vicarious atonement, is a central concept within Western Christian theology which asserts that Jesus died for humanity, [1] as claimed by the Western classic and paradigms of atonement in Christianity, which regard Jesus as dying as a substitute for others.
Both affirm the substitutionary and vicarious nature of the atonement, but penal substitution offers a specific explanation as to what the suffering is for: punishment. [citation needed] Augustine teaches substitutionary atonement. However, the specific interpretation differed as to what this suffering for sinners meant.
Objective paradigm: Because Christ's atonement is substitutionary, the theory is based on an objective paradigm. [23] Substitution in suffering: The substitution is in suffering without the penal element. [20] A major presupposition is that a vicarious penal substitution is impossible. [24]
In his book, Aulén identifies three main types of atonement theories: [8] [9] The earliest was what Aulén called the "classic" view of the atonement, more commonly known as the ransom theory, or since Aulén's work, it is known sometimes as the "Christus Victor" theory: this is the theory that Adam and Eve made humanity subject to the Devil during the fall, and that God, in order to redeem ...
Jesus Paid It All (also known as Fullness in Christ and I hear the Saviour say and Christ All and in All) is a traditional American hymn about the penal substitutionary atonement for sin by the death of Jesus. The song references many Bible verses, including Romans 5 ("Jesus' sacrifice gives life") and Isaiah 1:18 ("a crimson flow"). [1]
Free grace theologians hold to unlimited atonement and to penal substitutionary atonement. The theology also distinguishes between two kinds of forgiveness: positional and familial. Free grace theologians hold that positional forgiveness is received through faith alone, while familial forgiveness through confession.
Yet he differed from the Anglican Arminians of his day in that he advocated more reformed doctrines of human depravity, the inability in spiritual matters apart from the convicting and prevenient grace of the Holy Spirit, penal substitutionary atonement, and justification by the imputed passive obedience and active obedience of Christ, as well ...