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Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known as fused deposition modeling (with the trademarked acronym FDM), or filament freeform fabrication, is a 3D printing process that uses a continuous filament of a thermoplastic material. [1] Filament is fed from a large spool through a moving, heated printer extruder head, and is deposited on the ...
A Bowden extruder is a type of extruder that pushes filament through a long and flexible PTFE (Teflon) tube to the hot end. [1] An alternative type of extruder which is also widely used in filament 3D printers is the direct-drive extruder , which sits closer to the extruder hot end.
Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM) represents one of the seven categories of 3d printing processes, defined by the ISO international standard 17296-2. While it is mostly used for plastics, under the name of FDM or FFF , it can also be used for metals and ceramics.
The diameter of the filament is defined by the process that takes place after the plastic has been heated rather than the diameter of the extruder nozzle. A different force and speed is applied to the filament as it is pulled out of the extruder to define the width of the filament, most commonly 1.75 mm or 2.85 mm diameter. [5] [6]
More recently, fused pellet deposition (or fused particle deposition) has been developed, where particles or pellets of plastic replace the need to use filament. [21] [22] The nozzle head heats the material and turns the flow on and off. Typically stepper motors or servo motors are employed to move the extrusion head and adjust the flow. The ...
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. [1] [2] [3] It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, [4] with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer.
In 2003, Stratasys fused deposition modeling (FDM) [11] was the best-selling rapid prototyping technology. [12] FDM is a process that the company patented, which is used to produce three-dimensional parts directly from 3D CAD files layer-by-layer for use in design verification, prototyping, development and manufacturing.
The Prusa i3 is a family of fused deposition modeling 3D printers, manufactured by Czech company Prusa Research under the trademarked name Original Prusa i3.Part of the RepRap project, Prusa i3 printers were called the most used 3D printer in the world in 2016. [1]
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