Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
results in the answer ja if the truthful answer to Q is yes, and the answer da if the truthful answer to Q is no (Rabern and Rabern (2008) call this result the embedded question lemma). The reason this works can be seen by studying the logical form of the expected answer to the question.
Each card has a number on one side and color on the other. Which card or cards must be turned over to test the idea that if a card shows an even number on one face, then its opposite face is blue? The Wason selection task (or four-card problem ) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966.
A valid number sentence that is true: 83 + 19 = 102. A valid number sentence that is false: 1 + 1 = 3. A valid number sentence using a 'less than' symbol: 3 + 6 < 10. A valid number sentence using a 'more than' symbol: 3 + 9 > 11. An example from a lesson plan: [6] Some students will use a direct computational approach.
A sentence can be viewed as expressing a proposition, something that must be true or false. The restriction of having no free variables is needed to make sure that sentences can have concrete, fixed truth values: as the free variables of a (general) formula can range over several values, the truth value of such a formula may vary.
Validity of deduction is not affected by the truth of the premise or the truth of the conclusion. The following deduction is perfectly valid: All animals live on Mars. (False) All humans are animals. (True) Therefore, all humans live on Mars. (False) The problem with the argument is that it is not sound.
Logical truth is one of the most fundamental concepts in logic. Broadly speaking, a logical truth is a statement which is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent propositions . In other words, a logical truth is a statement which is not only true, but one which is true under all interpretations of its logical components ...
The multi-sentence version of the liar paradox generalizes to any circular sequence of such statements (wherein the last statement asserts the truth/falsity of the first statement), provided there are an odd number of statements asserting the falsity of their successor; the following is a three-sentence version, with each statement asserting ...
The superscripts 0 to 15 is the number resulting from reading the four truth values as a binary number with F = 0 and T = 1. The Com row indicates whether an operator, op, is commutative - P op Q = Q op P. The Assoc row indicates whether an operator, op, is associative - (P op Q) op R = P op (Q op R).