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Cache hierarchy, or multi-level cache, is a memory architecture that uses a hierarchy of memory stores based on varying access speeds to cache data. Highly requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores.
This cache was termed Level 1 or L1 cache to differentiate it from the slower on-motherboard, or Level 2 (L2) cache. These on-motherboard caches were much larger, with the most common size being 256 KiB. There were some system boards that contained sockets for the Intel 485Turbocache daughtercard which had either 64 or 128 Kbyte of cache memory.
Diagram of a CPU memory cache operation. In computing, a cache (/ k æ ʃ / ⓘ KASH) [1] is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation or a copy of data stored elsewhere.
The cache (e.g. level 3) is doubled from the previous generation z14, while the "L4 cache increased from 672MB to 960MB, or +43%" with the new add-on chip system controller (SC) SCM. Both it and all levels of cache in the main processor from level 1 use eDRAM , instead of the traditionally used SRAM .
A victim cache is a small, typically fully associative cache placed in the refill path of a CPU cache. It stores all the blocks evicted from that level of cache and was originally proposed in 1990. In modern architectures, this function is typically performed by Level 3 or Level 4 caches.
Processor performance increase due to cache hierarchy depends on the number of accesses to the cache that satisfy block requests from the cache (cache hits) versus those that do not. Unsuccessful attempts to read or write data from the cache (cache misses) result in lower level or main memory access, which increases latency.
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Level 2 (L2) Instruction and data (shared) – 1 MiB [citation needed] [original research] in size. Best access speed is around 200 GB/s [9] Level 3 (L3) Shared cache – 6 MiB [citation needed] [original research] in size. Best access speed is around 100 GB/s [9] Level 4 (L4) Shared cache – 128 MiB [citation needed] [original research] in size.