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Acculturation is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society.
In second-language acquisition, the acculturation model is a theory proposed by John Schumann to describe the acquisition process of a second language (L2) by members of ethnic minorities [1] that typically include immigrants, migrant workers, or the children of such groups. [2]
The acculturation gap is the changing set of values and culture between a child and parent or guardian. The gap is usually revealed after a family immigrates from one country to another and assimilates into a culture. After immigration, a child adapts into a new culture quickly.
According to the Canadian migration researcher John W. Berry integration is an acculturation strategy, i.e. a form of how minorities (especially immigrants) behave towards the dominant culture. Integration is in opposition to the other acculturation strategies of assimilation, segregation and marginalisation.
Education was viewed as the primary method in the acculturation process for minorities. Americanization policies were based on the idea that when Indigenous people learned customs and values of the United States, they would be able to merge tribal traditions with American culture and peacefully join the majority of the society.
Throughout history there have been different forms of cultural assimilation examples of types of acculturation include voluntary and involuntary assimilation. [7] Assimilation could also involve the so-called additive acculturation wherein, instead of replacing the ancestral culture, an individual expands their existing cultural repertoire. [5]
Multicultural education is a set of educational strategies developed to provide students with knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups. It draws on insights from multiple fields, including ethnic studies and women studies , and reinterprets content from related academic disciplines. [ 1 ]
Educational anthropology, or the anthropology of education, is a sub-field of socio-cultural anthropology that focuses on the role that culture has in education, as well as how social processes and cultural relations are shaped by educational settings. [1]