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  2. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

    An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses its falsity. For example, the affirmative sentence "Joe is here" asserts that it is true that Joe is currently located near the speaker. Conversely, the negative sentence "Joe is not here" asserts that it is not true ...

  3. Assertiveness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertiveness

    Assertiveness is the quality of being self-assured and confident without being aggressive to defend a right point of view or a relevant statement. In the field of psychology and psychotherapy, it is a skill that can be learned and a mode of communication.

  4. Tag question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_question

    If the verb is in the present perfect, for example, the tag question uses has or have; if the verb is in a present progressive form, the tag is formed with am, are, is; if the verb is in a tense which does not normally use an auxiliary, like the present simple, the auxiliary is taken from the emphatic do form; and if the sentence has a modal ...

  5. I-message - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-message

    In interpersonal communication, an I-message or I-statement is an assertion about the feelings, beliefs, values, etc. of the person speaking, generally expressed as a sentence beginning with the word I, and is contrasted with a "you-message" or "you-statement", which often begins with the word you and focuses on the person spoken to.

  6. Polarity item - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_item

    An affirmation is a positive polarity item, abbreviated PPI or AFF. A negation is a negative polarity item , abbreviated NPI or NEG . The linguistic environment in which a polarity item appears is a licensing context .

  7. Sentence function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_function

    The declarative sentence is the most common kind of sentence in language, in most situations, and in a way can be considered the default function of a sentence. What this means essentially is that when a language modifies a sentence in order to form a question or give a command, the base form will always be the declarative.

  8. List of linguistic example sentences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_linguistic_example...

    If separating words using spaces is also permitted, the total number of known possible meanings rises to 58. [37] Czech has the syllabic consonants [r] and [l], which can stand in for vowels. A well-known example of a sentence that does not contain a vowel is StrĨ prst skrz krk, meaning "stick your finger through the neck."

  9. Rising declarative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_declarative

    On this account, all rising declaratives have the same semantic content but end up with different discourse effects depending on which maxim the speaker worries they are violating. In the assertive example above, the maxim would be the Maxim of Relevance. In the inquisitive case above, it would be the Maxim of Quality. [1] [7] [8]