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The breve sign indicates a short vowel, as opposed to the macron ( ̄), which indicates long vowels, in academic transcription. It is often used that way in dictionaries and textbooks of Latin, Ancient Greek, Tuareg and other languages. However, there is a frequent convention of indicating only the long vowels.
the macron (English poetry marking, lēad pronounced / l iː d /, not / l ɛ d /), lengthening vowels, as in Māori; or indicating omitted n or m (in pre-Modern English, both in print and in handwriting). the breve (English poetry marking, drŏll pronounced / d r ɒ l /, not / d r oʊ l /), shortening vowels; the umlaut , altering Germanic vowels
close-mid front rounded vowel, open-mid front rounded vowel or mid front rounded vowel: ø, œ or ø̞: Americanist and Uralicist notation ü: u with diaeresis: close front rounded vowel or near-close near-front rounded vowel: y or ʏ: Americanist and Uralicist notation k’ t’ etc. right single quotation mark: Korean fortis k͈ t͈ etc.
A macron (/ ˈ m æ k r ɒ n, ˈ m eɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel.Its name derives from Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón) 'long' because it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics.
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.In some languages vowel length is an important phonemic factor, meaning vowel length can change the meaning of the word, for example in Arabic, Czech, Dravidian languages (such as Tamil), some Finno-Ugric languages (such as Finnish and Estonian), Japanese, Kyrgyz, Samoan ...
To indicate a long u in the middle or at the end of a word, a kroužek ("ring") is used instead, to form ů . Hungarian: í, ó, ú are the long equivalents of the vowels i, o, u . ő, ű (see double acute accent) are the long equivalents of ö, ü . Both types of accents are known as hosszú ékezet (hosszú means long).
In general, long vowels are marked with a macron, and short vowels with a breve. A circumflex may also be used to indicate a pre-rhotic vowel. Usage of other symbols ...
Occasionally a long vowel in a four-syllable word is shortened. [109] However, this is very rare compared with cases like voluptātem where the shortened syllable is closed. Usually, in a word like amīcitia the long vowel is retained, while the shortened form occurs only once: amicitiam [110] (1st anceps, tr7) "friendship" pudicitiam [111 ...