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  2. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    Initially, one line (representing a single bond) is drawn between each pair of connected atoms. Each bond consists of a pair of electrons, so if t is the total number of electrons to be placed and n is the number of single bonds just drawn, t−2n electrons remain to be placed. These are temporarily drawn as dots, one per electron, to a maximum ...

  3. Chemical bonding of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bonding_of_water

    In other words, if water was formed from two identical O-H bonds and two identical sp 3 lone pairs on the oxygen atom as predicted by valence bond theory, then its photoelectron spectrum (PES) would have two (degenerate) peaks and energy, one for the two O-H bonds and the other for the two sp 3 lone pairs.

  4. File:3D model hydrogen bonds in water.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3D_model_hydrogen...

    Bond hydrogen; Usage on de.wikipedia.org Wasserstoffbrückenbindung; Eigenschaften des Wassers; Usage on el.wikipedia.org Κρυσταλλογραφία ακτίνων Χ; Usage on en.wikibooks.org Structural Biochemistry/Water; Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Hydrogen bonds; Structural Biochemistry/Polarity

  5. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    A diatomic molecular orbital diagram is used to understand the bonding of a diatomic molecule. MO diagrams can be used to deduce magnetic properties of a molecule and how they change with ionization. They also give insight to the bond order of the molecule, how many bonds are shared between the two atoms. [12]

  6. Hydrogen bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bond

    Water is unique because its oxygen atom has two lone pairs and two hydrogen atoms, meaning that the total number of bonds of a water molecule is up to four. [41] The number of hydrogen bonds formed by a molecule of liquid water fluctuates with time and temperature. [42] From TIP4P liquid water simulations at 25 °C, it was estimated that each ...

  7. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    A water molecule has two pairs of bonded electrons and two unshared lone pairs. Tetrahedral: Tetra-signifies four, and -hedral relates to a face of a solid, so "tetrahedral" literally means "having four faces". This shape is found when there are four bonds all on one central atom, with no extra unshared electron pairs.

  8. Tetrahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

    In the gas phase, a single water molecule has an oxygen atom surrounded by two hydrogens and two lone pairs, and the H 2 O geometry is simply described as bent without considering the nonbonding lone pairs. [citation needed] However, in liquid water or in ice, the lone pairs form hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules. The most common ...

  9. Ball-and-stick model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model

    In a good model, the angles between the rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by the sphere's color. [2]