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2. Upper motor neuron lesion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion

   Conversely, a lower motor neuron lesion affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or the cranial motor nuclei to the relevant muscle(s). [ 1 ] Upper motor neuron lesions occur in the brain or the spinal cord as the result of stroke , multiple sclerosis , traumatic brain injury , cerebral palsy , atypical ...

3. Amyloid plaques - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid_plaques

   Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. [5] The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400 ...

4. Lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesional_demyelinations_of...

   Further breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, in turn cause a number of other damaging effects such as swelling, activation of macrophages, and more activation of cytokines and other destructive proteins. Astrocytes can heal partially the lesion leaving a scar. These scars (sclerae) are the known plaques or lesions usually reported in MS.

5. Micropsia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropsia

   Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are. Micropsia can be caused by optical factors (such as wearing glasses), by distortion of images in the eye (such as optically, via swelling of the cornea or from changes in the shape of the retina such as from retinal edema, macular degeneration, or central serous ...

6. Apraxia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apraxia

   Apraxia is most often due to a lesion located in the dominant (usually left) hemisphere of the brain, typically in the frontal and parietal lobes. Lesions may be due to stroke, acquired brain injuries, or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, Parkinson's disease, or Huntington's disease. Also, apraxia ...

7. Why do we get brain freeze? Experts explain - AOL

   www.aol.com/lifestyle/why-brain-freeze-experts...

   The pain you’re feeling when you get brain freeze is actually from a layer of receptor cells in the outer covering of the brain, called the meninges. This is where the internal carotid artery ...

8. Brain herniation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_herniation

   Brain herniation can cause severe disability or death. In fact, when herniation is visible on a CT scan , the prognosis for a meaningful recovery of neurological function is poor. [ 2 ] The patient may become paralyzed on the same side as the lesion causing the pressure, or damage to parts of the brain caused by herniation may cause paralysis ...

9. Focal cortical dysplasia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_cortical_dysplasia

   When a cortical dysplasia is a cause of epilepsy, then seizure medications (anticonvulsants) are a first line treatment. If anticonvulsants fail to control seizure activity, neurosurgery may be an option to remove or disconnect the abnormal cells from the rest of the brain (depending on where the cortical dysplasia is located and the safety of ...