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Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. [5] The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400 ...
Normally MS lesions are small ovoid lesions, less than 2 cm. long, oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the brain's ventricles [18] Often they are disposed surrounding a vein [19] Demyelinization by MS. The Klüver-Barrera colored tissue show a clear decoloration in the area of the lesion (Original scale 1:100)
It has also been noted that percentage of children with anti-mog antibodies respect a demyelinating sample is higher than for adults [32] Some NMO patients present double positive for autoantibodies to AQP4 and MOG. These patients have MS-like brain lesions, multifocal spine lesions and retinal and optic nerves atrophy. [33]
Cerebral palsy, in which lesions (damaged areas) may impair motor coordination; Senile dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, and vascular dementia; Pick's disease, causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain; Huntington's disease, and other genetic disorders that cause build-up of toxic levels of proteins in neurons
These atypical lesion characteristics include a large intracranial lesion of size greater than 2.0 cm with a mass effect, edema and an open ring enhancement. A mass effect is the effect of a mass on its surroundings, for example, exerting pressure on the surrounding brain matter. Edema is the build-up of fluid within the brain tissue.
The treatment approach depends on the site, size and symptoms present, as well as the history of hemorrhage from the lesion. [27] Microsurgery is generally preferred if the cerebral cavernous hemangioma is superficial in the central nervous system, or the risk of damage to surrounding tissue from irradiation is too high.
Conversely, a lower motor neuron lesion affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or the cranial motor nuclei to the relevant muscle(s). [ 1 ] Upper motor neuron lesions occur in the brain or the spinal cord as the result of stroke , multiple sclerosis , traumatic brain injury , cerebral palsy , atypical ...
The cysts and cavities (cystic brain lesions) are more likely to be the result of destructive (encephaloclastic) cause, but can also be from abnormal development (malformative), direct damage, inflammation, or hemorrhage. [5] The cysts and cavities cause a wide range of physiological, physical, and neurological symptoms. [6]