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The Good Shepherd, c. 300–350, at the Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome. The Good Shepherd (Greek: ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, poimḗn ho kalós) is an image used in the pericope of John 10:1–21, in which Jesus Christ is depicted as the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep. Similar imagery is used in Psalm 23 and Ezekiel 34:11–16.
Chalcedony (/ k æ l ˈ s ɛ d ə n i / kal-SED-ə-nee or / ˈ k æ l s ə ˌ d oʊ n i / KAL-sə-doh-nee) [2] is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. [3]
Chalcedon was an episcopal see at an early date and several Christian martyrs are associated with Chalcedon: The virgin St. Euphemia and her companions in the early 4th century; the cathedral of Chalcedon was consecrated to her. St. Sabel the Persian and his companions. It was the site of various ecclesiastical councils.
The use of metal was less common. When the inscription is properly cut into the stone, it is called a titulus or marble; if merely scratched on the stone, the Italian word graffito is used; a painted inscription is called dipinto, and a mosaic inscription—such as those found largely in North Africa, Spain, and the East—are called opus musivum.
The phoenix, a pagan symbol, is used to symbolize the Resurrection; [75] Hercules in the Garden of Hesperides symbolizes Adam, Eve, and the Serpent in the garden of Eden; [76] the most famous symbol of the catacombs, the Good Shepherd is sometimes shown as Christ, but sometimes as the Greek figure Orpheus. [75]
A 3rd-century painting of the Good Shepherd in the Catacomb of Callixtus Main article: Good Shepherd The image of the Good Shepherd, often with a sheep on his shoulders, is the most common of the symbolic representations of Christ found in the Catacombs of Rome , and it is related to the Parable of the Lost Sheep .
The other figures tell the story of Jonah in four pieces, with a Good Shepherd; how they were displayed remains mysterious. [30] The depiction of Jesus was well-developed by the end of the pre-Constantinian period. He was typically shown in narrative scenes, with a preference for New Testament miracles, and few of scenes from his Passion. A ...
The Sarcophagus of Livia Primitiva is an Ancient Roman stone coffin with ornamental engraved with a Latin text and figures of the Good Shepherd, a fish, and an anchor [1] and was originally housed in the Louvre. [2] Initially thought to be an ancient Christian sarcophagus, but now it is thought to be pagan.