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Bump maps achieve this effect by changing how an illuminated surface reacts to light, without modifying the size or shape of the surface. Bump mapping [ 1 ] is a texture mapping technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object.
Normal map (a) is baked from 78,642 triangle model (b) onto 768 triangle model (c). This results in a render of the 768 triangle model, (d). In 3D computer graphics, normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a texture mapping technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and dents – an implementation of bump mapping.
A texture map [5] [6] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [7] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture . They may be stored in common image file formats , referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions , and assembled into resource bundles .
Anything following a hash character (#) is a comment. # this is a comment An OBJ file may contain vertex data, free-form curve/surface attributes, elements, free-form curve/surface body statements, connectivity between free-form surfaces, grouping and display/render attribute information.
One can give the model materials to tell the render engine how to treat light when it hits the surface. Textures are used to give the material color using a color or albedo map, or give the surface features using a bump map or normal map. It can be also used to deform the model itself using a displacement map.
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Parallax mapping with shadows. Parallax mapping (also called offset mapping or virtual displacement mapping) is an enhancement of the bump mapping or normal mapping techniques applied to textures in 3D rendering applications such as video games.
The bump map to be applied to the sphere (middle). The sphere with the bump map applied (right). In normal mapping , the unit vector from the shading point to the light source is dotted with the unit vector normal to that surface, and the dot product is the intensity of the light on that surface.