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The sphere with the bump map applied (right) appears to have a mottled surface resembling an orange. Bump maps achieve this effect by changing how an illuminated surface reacts to light, without modifying the size or shape of the surface. Bump mapping [1] is a texture mapping technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps
Normal map (a) is baked from 78,642 triangle model (b) onto 768 triangle model (c). This results in a render of the 768 triangle model, (d). In 3D computer graphics, normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a texture mapping technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and dents – an implementation of bump mapping.
Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography , and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design , and more recently geographic ...
Heightmap comes from the mathematical term 'map' and heightfield comes from the mathematical term 'vector field'. Heightmap is the more correct description because most heightfields are not a (vector) field in mathematical terms but they are always a map (in mathematical terms as well as in the visual representation).
A sphere without bump mapping (left). The bump map to be applied to the sphere (middle). The sphere with the bump map applied (right). In normal mapping, the unit vector from the shading point to the light source is dotted with the unit vector normal to that surface, and the dot product is the intensity of the light on that surface. Imagine a ...
A graphical or bar scale. A map would also usually give its scale numerically ("1:50,000", for instance, means that one cm on the map represents 50,000cm of real space, which is 500 meters) A bar scale with the nominal scale expressed as "1:600 000", meaning 1 cm on the map corresponds to 600,000 cm=6 km on the ground.
It can use any external image for the basis of the bump map or alternatively the user can pick out the hue, saturation, luminance or red, green, or blue channel of the current image. It can then offset, scale and rotate the texture map, control its lighting, and even blend in a reflection map.
Texture-mapping – a method of applying detail to surfaces; Bump-mapping – a method of simulating small-scale bumpiness on surfaces; Fogging/participating medium – how light dims when passing through non-clear atmosphere or air; Shadows – the effect of obstructing light