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  2. Electronegativities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the...

    Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such.

  3. Aluminium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium

    Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air.

  4. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1] An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the ...

  5. Reactivity series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_series

    The image shows a periodic table extract with the electronegativity values of metals. [12] Wulfsberg [13] distinguishes: very electropositive metals with electronegativity values below 1.4 electropositive metals with values between 1.4 and 1.9; and electronegative metals with values between 1.9 and 2.54.

  6. Electron affinity (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)

    First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion. The latter can be regarded as the ionization energy of the –1 ion or the zeroth ionization energy. [1]

  7. Aluminium compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_compounds

    Aluminium has a high chemical affinity to oxygen, which renders it suitable for use as a reducing agent in the thermite reaction. A fine powder of aluminium reacts explosively on contact with liquid oxygen ; under normal conditions, however, aluminium forms a thin oxide layer that protects the metal from further corrosion by oxygen, water, or ...

  8. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3 ; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.

  9. Properties of nonmetals (and metalloids) by group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_nonmetals...

    It has a high ionisation energy (1086.5 kJ/mol), moderate electron affinity (122 kJ/mol), and high electronegativity (2.55). Carbon is a poor oxidising agent (C + 4e − → CH 4 = 0.13 V at pH 0). Its chemistry is largely covalent in nature, noting it can form salt-like carbides with highly electropositive metals.