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  2. Lipid bilayer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

    The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells . The cell membranes of almost all organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the nuclear membrane surrounding the cell nucleus , and ...

  3. Phospholipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid

    Phospholipid bilayers are the main structural component of the cell membranes. In biological membranes, the phospholipids often occur with other molecules (e.g., proteins, glycolipids, sterols) in a bilayer such as a cell membrane. [7]

  4. Biological membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane

    These enzymes, which use free fatty acids as substrates, deposit all newly made phospholipids into the cytosolic half of the bilayer. To enable the membrane as a whole to grow evenly, half of the new phospholipid molecules then have to be transferred to the opposite monolayer. This transfer is catalyzed by enzymes called flippases. In the ...

  5. Cell membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

    In 1895, Ernest Overton proposed that cell membranes were made of lipids. [10] The lipid bilayer hypothesis, proposed in 1925 by Gorter and Grendel, [11] created speculation in the description of the cell membrane bilayer structure based on crystallographic studies and soap bubble observations. In an attempt to accept or reject the hypothesis ...

  6. Fluid mosaic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_mosaic_model

    According to this biological model, there is a lipid bilayer (two molecules thick layer consisting primarily of amphipathic phospholipids) in which protein molecules are embedded. The phospholipid bilayer gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane. Small amounts of carbohydrates are also found in the cell membrane.

  7. Semipermeable membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipermeable_membrane

    A phospholipid bilayer is an example of a biological semipermeable membrane. It consists of two parallel, opposite-facing layers of uniformly arranged phospholipids. Each phospholipid is made of one phosphate head and two fatty acid tails. [3] The plasma membrane that surrounds all biological cells is an example of a phospholipid bilayer. [2]

  8. Membrane lipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_lipid

    Non-bilayer forming lipid like monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) predominates the bulk lipids in thylakoid membranes, which when hydrated alone, forms reverse hexagonal cylindrical phase. However, in combination with other lipids and carotenoids / chlorophylls of thylakoid membranes, they too conform together as lipid bilayers.

  9. Lipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

    Self-organization of phospholipids: a spherical liposome, a micelle, and a lipid bilayer. A biological membrane is a form of lamellar phase lipid bilayer. The formation of lipid bilayers is an energetically preferred process when the glycerophospholipids described above are in an aqueous environment.