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Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [ 1 ]
After this resolves, the virus is not eliminated from the body, but remains latent in the nerve cell bodies of the dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia, without causing symptoms. Years or decades later, shingles occurs when virions in a single ganglion reactivate, travel down nerve fibres and infect the skin around the
Similar to the herpes simplex viruses, after primary infection with VZV (chickenpox), the virus lies dormant in neurons, including the cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and autonomic ganglia. Many years after the person has recovered from initial chickenpox infection, VZV can reactivate to cause shingles. [4]
Herpes simplex 1 has a favorite spot: the trigeminal ganglion, a cluster of nerve fibers that sits right behind your face. As it nestles in, herpes goes into stealth mode, known as latency or ...
A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion; also known as a posterior root ganglion [1]) is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The cell bodies of sensory neurons known as first-order neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. [2] The axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons are known as afferents.
A key factor in the neural plasticity underlying neuropathic pain is altered gene expression in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons. Injury to sensory nerves induces neurochemical, physiological, and anatomical modifications to afferent and central neurons, such as afferent terminal sprouting and inhibitory interneuron loss. [5]
Herpes simplex virions. Sensory ganglia have been associated with infections from viruses like herpes simplex, which can exist in a dormant state within the ganglia for decades after the primary infection. [31] When the virus becomes reactivated, blisters on the skin and mucous membranes appear.
A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by sensory neurons that arise from a spinal nerve ganglion. Symptoms that follow a dermatome (e.g. like pain or a rash) may indicate a pathology that involves the related nerve root. Examples include somatic dysfunction of the spine or viral infection.