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  2. Pathwidth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathwidth

    The graphs G i may be taken as the induced subgraphs of the sets X i in the first definition of path decompositions, with two vertices in successive induced subgraphs being glued together when they are induced by the same vertex in G, and in the other direction one may recover the sets X i as the vertex sets of the graphs G i. The width of the ...

  3. Frame of reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_of_reference

    In physics and astronomy, a frame of reference (or reference frame) is an abstract coordinate system, whose origin, orientation, and scale have been specified in physical space. It is based on a set of reference points , defined as geometric points whose position is identified both mathematically (with numerical coordinate values) and ...

  4. Clique-width - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique-width

    Construction of a distance-hereditary graph of clique-width 3 by disjoint unions, relabelings, and label-joins. Vertex labels are shown as colors. In graph theory, the clique-width of a graph G is a parameter that describes the structural complexity of the graph; it is closely related to treewidth, but unlike treewidth it can be small for dense graphs.

  5. Ordered graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_graph

    The width of a node is the number of its parents, and the width of an ordered graph is the maximal width of its nodes. The induced graph of an ordered graph is obtained by adding some edges to an ordering graph, using the method outlined below. The induced width of an ordered graph is the width of its induced graph. [2] Given an ordered graph ...

  6. Clique problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique_problem

    Parameterized complexity is the complexity-theoretic study of problems that are naturally equipped with a small integer parameter k and for which the problem becomes more difficult as k increases, such as finding k-cliques in graphs. A problem is said to be fixed-parameter tractable if there is an algorithm for solving it on inputs of size n ...

  7. Branch-decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch-decomposition

    Branch decomposition of a grid graph, showing an e-separation.The separation, the decomposition, and the graph all have width three. In graph theory, a branch-decomposition of an undirected graph G is a hierarchical clustering of the edges of G, represented by an unrooted binary tree T with the edges of G as its leaves.

  8. Inertial frame of reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_frame_of_reference

    In classical physics and special relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called an inertial space or a Galilean reference frame) is a frame of reference in which objects exhibit inertia: they remain at rest or in uniform motion relative to the frame until acted upon by external forces.

  9. Force-directed graph drawing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force-directed_graph_drawing

    Force-directed graph drawing algorithms assign forces among the set of edges and the set of nodes of a graph drawing.Typically, spring-like attractive forces based on Hooke's law are used to attract pairs of endpoints of the graph's edges towards each other, while simultaneously repulsive forces like those of electrically charged particles based on Coulomb's law are used to separate all pairs ...