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These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube; [1] [2] after the closure of the tube around the 4th week of development, they are known as the optic vesicles. Previous studies of optic vesicles suggest that the surrounding extraocular tissues – the surface ectoderm and extraocular mesenchyme ...
The optic vesicles then develop into the optic cup with the inner layer forming the retina and the outer portion forming the retinal pigment epithelium. The middle portion of the optic cup develops into the ciliary body and iris. [7] During the invagination of the optic cup, the ectoderm begins to thicken and form the lens placode, which ...
The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk. [1] [2] Closure of the choroidal fissure in the optic stalk occurs during the seventh week of development. The former optic stalk is then called the optic ...
The optical vesicle (which eventually becomes the optic nerve, retina and iris) forms at the basal plate of the prosencephalon. The alar plate of the prosencephalon expands to form the cerebral hemispheres (the telencephalon) whilst its basal plate becomes the diencephalon. Finally, the optic vesicle grows to form an optic outgrowth.
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(B) Optic vesicles bilaterally protrude from either side of the forebrain approaching the thickened surface ectoderm (lens placodes). (C) The interaction between the optic vesicle and the lens placode of the surface ectoderm results in optic vesicle invagination, optic cup formation and lens placode evagination (lens pit).
With the development of research and laboratory techniques there have been major advances in the study of neurulation and the development and role of the neural plate in a growing embryo. The use of such techniques vary with the stage of development and overall research goals, but include such methods as cell labeling and grafting. [11]
The retina is generated from the precursor cells within the inner layer of the optic cup, as opposed to the retinal pigment epithelium that originate from the outer layer of the optic cup. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In general, the developing retina is organized so that the least-committed precursor cells are located in the periphery of the retina, while the ...