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The Japanese civil service employs over three million employees, with the Japan Self-Defense Forces, with 247,000 personnel, being the biggest branch.In the post-war period, this figure has been even higher, but the privatization of a large number of public corporations since the 1980s, including NTT, Japanese National Railways, and Japan Post, already reduced the number.
Zaibatsu — Japanese conglomerate companies of the Empire of Japan. All zaibatsu were disestablished the end of WW II in 1945. Some were reformed as keiretsu and/or present day conglomerate companies.
Membership grew to 138,503 by 1989. That year, Sohyo merged into the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO). Kokko Roren decided instead to become a founding affiliate of the National Confederation of Trade Unions, although a section which wished to join RENGO split away and formed the Japan Central Federation of National Public Service Employees' Unions. [1]
The National Personnel Authority (人事院, Jinji-in), also abbreviated NPA, is a Japanese administrative agency.In order to ensure fairness, neutrality and uniformity in the personnel management of national civil servants and fulfill the function of compensating for restrictions on basic labor rights, it is an administrative committee that enacts, amends and abolishes rules of the National ...
Marunouchi headquarters for the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, 1909. Zaibatsu (財閥, lit. ' asset clique ') is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period to World War II.
The word originates from the Sino-Japanese term zaibatsu (財閥), where 財 means 'wealth' and 閥 means 'clan'. [9] The Japanese zaibatsu dominated their economy from 1868 until they were dissolved under the American Occupation of Japan in 1945. The rise and proliferation of the Korean chaebol resembles the Japanese zaibatsu at their peak.
The foreign employees in Meiji Japan, known in Japanese as O-yatoi Gaikokujin (Kyūjitai: 御雇い外國人, Shinjitai: 御雇い外国人, "hired foreigners"), were hired by the Japanese government and municipalities for their specialized knowledge and skill to assist in the modernization of the Meiji period.
Following Allied occupation of Japan after the Second World War, major economic, social and governmental reforms were implemented to change and rebuild Japan.Among these changes included the creation of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, dismantlement of Japan's military, and abolishing military production and zaibatsu in an effort to demilitarize Japan.