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  2. Lithotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotomy

    Lithotomy from Greek for "lithos" and "tomos" (), is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain organs, such as the urinary tract (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tract.

  3. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_nephrolithotomy

    Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is most suitable to remove stones of more than 2 cm in size and which are present near the pelvic region. It is usually done under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.

  4. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    Kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium salts, with the most common being calcium oxalate (70-80%), followed by calcium phosphate and uric acid. When urine contains high concentrations of these ions, they can form crystals and eventually stones. [41] The formation of kidney stones occurs in three main phases: [41]

  5. Lithotripsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotripsy

    Lithotripsy is a procedure involving the physical destruction of hardened masses like kidney stones, [1] bezoars [2] or gallstones, which may be done non-invasively. The term is derived from the Greek words meaning "breaking (or pulverizing) stones" (litho-+ τρίψω [tripso]).

  6. List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_roots...

    of or pertaining to the kidney: Greek νεφρός (nephrós), kidney nephrology: nerv-of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system (uncommon as a root: neuro-mostly always used) Latin nervus, tendon, nerve; cognate with Greek νεῦρον (neûron), tendon, string, nerve nerve, nervous system: neur-of or pertaining to nerves and the ...

  7. Urology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urology

    Urology combines the management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) conditions, such as urinary-tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence. [1]

  8. Ureteroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureteroscopy

    In pyeloscopy, the endoscope is designed to reach all the way to the renal pelvis (also called pyelum), thereby allowing visualisation of the entire drainage system of the kidney. [3] The endoscope can contain an instrument port which allows for introduction of laser fibres to fragment stones, and micro-baskets to retrieve stone fragments. [ 3 ]

  9. Excretory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretory_system

    Most of these treatments involving kidney stone removal are done by a urologist; a physician who specializes in the organs of the urinary system. [11] A common way of removal is shock wave lithotripsy, in which the urologist will shock the kidney stone into smaller pieces via laser, allowing these pieces to further pass through the urine on ...