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  2. Discounted utility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_utility

    For example, experiments by Tversky and Kahneman showed that the same people who would choose 1 candy bar now over 2 candy bars tomorrow, would choose 2 candy bars 101 days from now over 1 candy bar 100 days from now. (This is inconsistent because if the same question were posed 100 days from now, the person would ostensibly again choose 1 ...

  3. Exponential discounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_discounting

    Therefore, the preferences at t = 1 is preserved at t = 2; thus, the exponential discount function demonstrates dynamically consistent preferences over time. For its simplicity, the exponential discounting assumption is the most commonly used in economics. However, alternatives like hyperbolic discounting have more empirical support.

  4. Discount function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_function

    In economics, a discount function is used in economic models to describe the weights placed on rewards received at different points in time. For example, if time is discrete and utility is time-separable, with the discount function f(t) having a negative first derivative and with c t (or c(t) in continuous time) defined as consumption at time t, total utility from an infinite stream of ...

  5. Hyperbolic discounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_discounting

    Hyperbolic discounting is an alternative mathematical model that agrees more closely with these findings. [5] According to hyperbolic discounting, valuations fall relatively rapidly for earlier delay periods (as in, from now to one week), but then fall more slowly for longer delay periods (for instance, more than a few days).

  6. Managerial economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managerial_economics

    Examples include quantity discounting, bulk pricing and two-for-one offers. [43] Third-degree price discrimination prices products or services differently based on the unique demographic of different groups. Examples of third-degree price discrimination are student or senior discounts, or discounted travel tickets for last-minute buys. [44]

  7. Price discrimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_discrimination

    For example, airlines routinely engage in price discrimination by charging high prices for customers with relatively inelastic demand – business travelers – and discount prices for tourist who have relatively elastic demand.

  8. Stochastic discount factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_discount_factor

    The concept of the stochastic discount factor (SDF) is used in financial economics and mathematical finance. The name derives from the price of an asset being computable by "discounting" the future cash flow x ~ i {\displaystyle {\tilde {x}}_{i}} by the stochastic factor m ~ {\displaystyle {\tilde {m}}} , and then taking the expectation. [ 1 ]

  9. Discounts and allowances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounts_and_allowances

    Discounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price of goods or services.. They can occur anywhere in the distribution channel, modifying either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer ...