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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information (), which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
3.1 One qubit. 3.2 Two qubits. 4 ... times to get a list of linearly independent ... (the algorithm also works if the second register is measured before the first ...
Global single qubit gates on all the atoms can be done either by applying a microwave field for qubits encoded in the Hyperfine manifold such as Rb and Cs or by applying an RF magnetic field for qubits encoded in the nuclear spin such as Yb and Sr. Focused laser beams can be used to do single-site one qubit rotation using a lambda-type three level Raman scheme (see figure).
Example: The Hadamard transform on a 3-qubit register | . Here the amplitude for each measurable state is 1 ⁄ 2. The probability to observe any state is the square of the absolute value of the measurable states amplitude, which in the above example means that there is one in four that we observe any one of the individual four cases.
If they are equal, a | is stored in the first ancillary qubit. If they are not equal, a | is stored in the first ancillary qubit. The same action is performed comparing the first and third qubits, with the check being stored in the second ancillary qubit.
1 ebit + 2 bits 1 qubit (i.e. quantum teleportation), where ⩾ {\displaystyle \geqslant } indicates "can do the job of". These principles were formulated around 1993 by Charles H. Bennett .