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Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO 4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ- anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant . One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris , and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum .
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. [4] It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk chalk.
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the calcium sulfate hydrate formed as a by-product of the production of fertilizer, particularly phosphoric acid, from phosphate rock. It is mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O).
Selenite, satin spar, desert rose, and gypsum flower are crystal habit varieties of the mineral gypsum.. All varieties of gypsum, including selenite and alabaster, are composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (meaning that it has two molecules of water), with the chemical formula CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. Selenite contains no significant selenium – The similar names both derive from Greek selḗnē ...
From an aqueous solution, calcium sulfate is deposited as crystals of gypsum, but when the solution contains an excess of sodium or potassium chloride, anhydrite is deposited if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F). This is one method by which the mineral has been prepared artificially and is identical with its mode of origin in nature.
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2, is a strong base, though not as strong as the hydroxides of strontium, barium or the alkali metals. [17] All four dihalides of calcium are known. [18] Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO 4) are particularly abundant minerals. [19]
The production of sulfuric acid from anhydrous calcium sulfate produces calcium silicates. [9] Upon being mixed with shale or marl, and roasted at 1400 °C, the sulfate liberates sulfur dioxide gas, a precursor to sulfuric acid. The resulting calcium silicate is used in cement clinker production. [10] 2 CaSO 4 + 2 SiO 2 + C → 2 CaSiO 3 + 2 SO ...
Sticks of sidewalk chalk A child drawing on concrete. Sidewalk chalk is typically large and thick sticks of chalk (calcium sulfate, gypsum, rather than calcium carbonate, rock chalk) that come in multiple colors and are mostly used for drawing on pavement or concrete sidewalks, frequently four square courts or a hopscotch boards.
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