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  2. Organic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_acid

    In general, organic acids are weak acids and do not dissociate completely in water, whereas the strong mineral acids do. Lower molecular mass organic acids such as formic and lactic acids are miscible in water, but higher molecular mass organic acids, such as benzoic acid, are insoluble in molecular (neutral) form. On the other hand, most ...

  3. Dissociation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(chemistry)

    It is usually indicated by the Greek symbol α. More accurately, degree of dissociation refers to the amount of solute dissociated into ions or radicals per mole. In case of very strong acids and bases, degree of dissociation will be close to 1. Less powerful acids and bases will have lesser degree of dissociation.

  4. Weak base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_base

    A weak base is a base that, upon dissolution in water, does not dissociate completely, so that the resulting aqueous solution contains only a small proportion of hydroxide ions and the concerned basic radical, and a large proportion of undissociated molecules of the base.

  5. Acid strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_strength

    The strength of a weak organic acid may depend on substituent effects. The strength of an inorganic acid is dependent on the oxidation state for the atom to which the proton may be attached. Acid strength is solvent-dependent. For example, hydrogen chloride is a strong acid in aqueous solution, but is a weak acid when dissolved in glacial ...

  6. Leveling effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveling_effect

    For example, aqueous perchloric acid (HClO 4), aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous nitric acid (HNO 3) are all completely ionized, and are all equally strong acids. [ 3 ] Similarly, when ammonia is the solvent, the strongest acid is ammonium (NH 4 + ), thus HCl and a super acid exert the same acidifying effect.

  7. Ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization

    A substance may dissociate without necessarily producing ions. As an example, the molecules of table sugar dissociate in water (sugar is dissolved) but exist as intact neutral entities. Another subtle event is the dissociation of sodium chloride (table salt) into sodium and chlorine ions. Although it may seem as a case of ionization, in reality ...

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  9. Degree of ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_ionization

    The degree of dissociation α (also known as degree of ionization), is a way of representing the strength of an acid. It is defined as the ratio of the number of ionized molecules and the number of molecules dissolved in water.