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  2. Doppler effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

    If the wave is a sound wave and the sound source is moving faster than the speed of sound, the resulting shock wave creates a sonic boom. Lord Rayleigh predicted the following effect in his classic book on sound: if the observer were moving from the (stationary) source at twice the speed of sound, a musical piece previously emitted by that ...

  3. Piano acoustics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_acoustics

    As expected, the graph of the actual tuning is not a smooth curve, but a jagged line with peaks and troughs. This might be the result of imprecise tuning, inexact measurement, or the piano's innate variability in string scaling. It has also been suggested with Monte-Carlo simulation that such a shape comes from the way humans match pitch intervals.

  4. Fundamental frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_frequency

    where is the speed of the wave, the fundamental frequency can be found in terms of the speed of the wave and the length of the pipe: f 0 = v 4 L {\displaystyle f_{0}={\frac {v}{4L}}} If the ends of the same pipe are now both closed or both opened, the wavelength of the fundamental harmonic becomes 2 L {\displaystyle 2L} .

  5. Pitch (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(music)

    Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost nothing to do with the intensity, or amplitude, of the wave. That is, "high" pitch means very rapid oscillation, and "low" pitch corresponds to slower oscillation.

  6. Piano key frequencies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies

    The frequency of a pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the frequency of the previous pitch by the twelfth root of two (approximately 1.059463). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, to get the frequency one semitone up from A 4 (A ♯ 4 ), multiply 440 Hz by the twelfth root of two.

  7. String vibration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_vibration

    A vibration in a string is a wave. Resonance causes a vibrating string to produce a sound with constant frequency, i.e. constant pitch. If the length or tension of the string is correctly adjusted, the sound produced is a musical tone. Vibrating strings are the basis of string instruments such as guitars, cellos, and pianos.

  8. Beat (acoustics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_(acoustics)

    If a graph is drawn to show the function corresponding to the total sound of two strings, it can be seen that maxima and minima are no longer constant (as when a pure note is played), but change over time: when the two waves are nearly 180 degrees out of phase the maxima of one wave cancel the minima of the other, whereas when they are nearly ...

  9. Sound intensity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_intensity

    Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area, also called the sound power density and the sound energy flux density. [2]