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Marxism–Leninism (Russian: Марксизм-Ленинизм, romanized: Marksizm-Leninizm) is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution. It was the predominant ideology of most communist governments throughout the 20th century. [1]
Lenin was a devout Marxist, [423] and believed that his interpretation of Marxism, first termed "Leninism" by Martov in 1904, [424] was the sole authentic and orthodox one. [425]
European theatre of the Russian Civil War. Although he had read Carl von Clausewitz's On War, Lenin was inexperienced in military matters. [136] His views on civil war were based squarely on a Marxist understanding of class war, and he was particularly influenced by the example of the Paris Commune. [137]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 January 2025. Economic and sociopolitical worldview For the political ideology commonly associated with states governed by communist parties, see Marxism–Leninism. Karl Marx, after whom Marxism is named Part of a series on Marxism Theoretical works Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 The ...
To feed the populaces of town and country, Lenin instituted war communism (1918–1921) as a necessary condition—adequate supplies of food and weapons—for fighting the Russian Civil War. [18] In March 1921, the New Economic Policy (NEP, 1921–1929) allowed limited local capitalism (private commerce and internal free trade) and replaced ...
Bolo was a derogatory expression for Bolsheviks used by British service personnel in the North Russian Expeditionary Force which intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. [35] Adolf Hitler , Joseph Goebbels , and other Nazi leaders used it in reference to the worldwide political movement coordinated by the Comintern .
Lenin urged socialists across the continent to convert the "imperialist war" into a continent-wide "civil war" with the proletariat against the bourgeoisie and aristocracy. To achieve this, he encouraged the fraternisation of troops on opposing sides of the conflict, revolutionary strikes, the development of new revolutionary socialist ...
[44] [45] Lenin viewed the civil war as "an inevitable continuation, development and intensification of the class struggle". [ 46 ] By the beginning of the February Revolution, the leading figures of the Bolshevik faction were mainly in exile or in emigration, and therefore the Bolsheviks did not take an organized part in it.