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  2. Affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate

    Klallam affricate /t͡s/ in k'ʷə́nc 'look at me' versus stop–fricative /ts/ in k'ʷə́nts 'he looks at it'. The exact phonetic difference varies between languages. In stop–fricative sequences, the stop has a release burst before the fricative starts; but in affricates, the fricative element is the release.

  3. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The affricates /tʃ, dʒ/ have a mandatory fricative release in all environments. [ 30 ] Very often in the United States and Canada and less frequently in Australia [ 31 ] and New Zealand, [ 32 ] both /t/ and /d/ can be pronounced as a voiced flap [ɾ] in certain positions: when they come between a preceding stressed vowel (possibly with ...

  4. Fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative

    A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. [1] These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of [f]; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German [x] (the final consonant of Bach); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh [ɬ] (appearing twice in ...

  5. Manner of articulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner_of_articulation

    Affricates often behave as if they were intermediate between stops and fricatives, but phonetically they are sequences of a stop and fricative. Over time, sounds in a language may move along the cline toward less stricture in a process called lenition or towards more stricture in a process called fortition .

  6. Voiceless alveolar affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate

    The voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant affricate [t͡s̺], also called apico-alveolar or grave, has a weak hushing sound reminiscent of retroflex affricates. One language in which it is found is Basque, where it contrasts with a more conventional non-retracted laminal alveolar affricate. This article discusses the first two.

  7. Phonological history of English consonants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    The voiceless velar and palatal fricative sounds [x] and [ç], considered to be allophones of /h/ and reflected by the gh in the spelling of words such as night, taught and weight, were lost in later Middle English or in Early Modern English. Their loss was accompanied by certain changes in the previous vowels.

  8. Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral...

    The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is t͡ɬ (often simplified to tɬ ), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ƛ ( barred lambda ).

  9. Lateral consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_consonant

    Some languages have palatal or velar voiceless lateral fricatives or affricates, such as Dahalo and Zulu, but the IPA has no symbols for such sounds. However, appropriate symbols are easy to make by adding a lateral-fricative belt to the symbol for the corresponding lateral approximant (see below).