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The Latent Diffusion Model (LDM) [1] is a diffusion model architecture developed by the CompVis (Computer Vision & Learning) [2] group at LMU Munich. [3]Introduced in 2015, diffusion models (DMs) are trained with the objective of removing successive applications of noise (commonly Gaussian) on training images.
This is achieved by prompting the text encoder with class names and selecting the class whose embedding is closest to the image embedding. For example, to classify an image, they compared the embedding of the image with the embedding of the text "A photo of a {class}.", and the {class} that results in the highest dot product is outputted.
CNN layers arranged in 3 dimensions. For example, in CIFAR-10, images are only of size 32×32×3 (32 wide, 32 high, 3 color channels), so a single fully connected neuron in the first hidden layer of a regular neural network would have 32*32*3 = 3,072 weights. A 200×200 image, however, would lead to neurons that have 200*200*3 = 120,000 weights.
(AlexNet image size should be 227×227×3, instead of 224×224×3, so the math will come out right. The original paper said different numbers, but Andrej Karpathy, the former head of computer vision at Tesla, said it should be 227×227×3 (he said Alex didn't describe why he put 224×224×3).
Segmentation of a 512 × 512 image takes less than a second on a modern (2015) GPU using the U-Net architecture. [1] [3] [4] [5] The U-Net architecture has also been employed in diffusion models for iterative image denoising. [6] This technology underlies many modern image generation models, such as DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion.
The Convolutional layer [4] is typically used for image analysis tasks. In this layer, the network detects edges, textures, and patterns. The outputs from this layer are then fed into a fully-connected layer for further processing. See also: CNN model. The Pooling layer [5] is used to reduce the size of data input.
In image processing, a kernel, convolution matrix, or mask is a small matrix used for blurring, sharpening, embossing, edge detection, and more.This is accomplished by doing a convolution between the kernel and an image.
Simplified example of training a neural network for object detection: The network is trained on multiple images depicting either starfish or sea urchins, which are correlated with "nodes" that represent visual features. The starfish match with a ringed texture and a star outline, whereas most sea urchins match with a striped texture and oval shape.