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Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1] As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.
Ticks and lice form another large group of invertebrate vectors. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme Disease, is transmitted by ticks and members of the bacterial genus Rickettsia are transmitted by lice. For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus.
In only three species; sheep, goats and horses, it is recognized as a specific disease syndrome. The biotype of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affecting horses and cattle is distinguishable from the biotype that infects small ruminants based on its ability to reduce nitrate in vitro. The equine and bovine strains can reduce nitrate, whereas ...
Orf is a zoonotic disease, meaning humans can contract this disorder through direct contact with infected sheep and goats or with fomites carrying the orf virus. [6] It causes a purulent-appearing papule locally and generally no systemic symptoms.
Symptoms are similar to those of rinderpest in cattle and involves oral necrosis, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, cough, pneumonia, and diarrhea, [11] though they vary according to the previous immune status of the sheep, the geographic location, the time of year, or if the infection is new or chronic. They also vary according to the ...
Abomasitis can be caused by several factors: Bacterial infections (e.g. Clostridium septicum, C. perfringens (type A), C. sordellii, and Sarcina spp.) [4] Viruses like Rinderpest morbillivirus or Pestivirus can also cause an inflammation of the mucosa, as well as some metabolic diseases (e.g. rumen acidosis).
Head lice feed on blood several times each day and tend to reside close to your scalp, which explains the itchiness and why it’s sometimes so difficult to tell that you have head lice. Unlike ...
In cattle, the main signs of paratuberculosis are diarrhea and wasting. Most cases are seen in 2- to 6-year-old animals. The initial signs can be subtle, and may be limited to weight loss, decreased milk production, or roughening of the hair coat. The diarrhea is usually thick, without blood, mucus, or epithelial debris, and may be intermittent.