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Most of erythromycin is metabolised by demethylation in the liver by the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4. Its main elimination route is in the bile with little renal excretion, 2%–15% unchanged drug. Erythromycin's elimination half-life ranges between 1.5 and 2.0 hours and is between 5 and 6 hours in patients with end-stage renal disease. Erythromycin ...
The erythromycin breath test has numerous clinical applications, particularly in transplantation and pharmacology. It is frequently used to evaluate the activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme, which is critical in the metabolism of medications such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus in liver transplant patients.
CYP3A4 is an enzyme that metabolizes many drugs in the liver. Macrolides inhibit CYP3A4, which means they reduce its activity and increase the blood levels of the drugs that depend on it for elimination. This can lead to adverse effects or drug-drug interactions. [31] Macrolides have cyclic structure with a lactone ring and sugar moieties. They ...
Cephalosporins, but only these with a methylthiotetrazole side chain or a methylthiodioxotriazine ring; thought to be due to common N-methylthiotetrazole metabolite, which is similar in structure to disulfiram. [8] Such drugs include cefamandole, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefotetan, ceftriaxone, and latamoxef (moxalactam).
According to Forbes, there have been 45,000 reported cases of side effects related to fluoroquinolones. 23.1 million patients filled prescriptions for oral flouroquinolones in 2011.
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal: diarrhea (3%), nausea (3%), abdominal pain (3%), and vomiting (6%). It also can cause headaches, insomnia, and abnormal liver function tests. Allergic reactions include rashes and anaphylaxis. Less common side effects (<1%) include extreme irritability, hallucinations (auditory and visual ...
[1] [2] [3] It is either taken by mouth or applied to the skin as a cream or ointment. [1] [4] The cream and ointment should not be used for fungal nail infections. [5] Common side effects when taken by mouth include nausea, diarrhea, headache, cough, rash, and elevated liver enzymes. [1] Severe side effects include liver problems and allergic ...
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine, which in humans is encoded by CYP3A4 gene. It oxidizes small foreign organic molecules ( xenobiotics ), such as toxins or drugs, so that they can be removed from the body.