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Sappho 31 is a lyric poem by the Archaic Greek poet Sappho of the island of Lesbos. [ a ] The poem is also known as phainetai moi ( φαίνεταί μοι lit. ' It seems to me ' ) after the opening words of its first line.
Ambrose Philips' 1711 translation of the Ode to Aphrodite portrayed the object of Sappho's desire as male, a reading that was followed by virtually every other translator of the poem until the 20th century, [144] while in 1781 Alessandro Verri interpreted fragment 31 as being about Sappho's love for Phaon. [145]
Sappho was an ancient Greek lyric poet from the island of Lesbos. She wrote around 10,000 lines of poetry, only a small fraction of which survives. Only one poem is known to be complete; in some cases as little as a single word survives.
A few centuries later, the Roman poet Catullus admired Sappho's work and used the Sapphic stanza in two poems: Catullus 11 (commemorating the end of his affair with Clodia) and Catullus 51 (marking its beginning). [4] The latter is a free translation of Sappho 31. [5] Horace wrote 25 of his Odes as well as the Carmen Saeculare in Sapphics.
It is the fourth poem by Sappho to be sufficiently complete to treat as an entire work, along with the Ode to Aphrodite, fragment 16, and fragment 31; [13] a fifth, the Brothers Poem, was discovered in 2014. The poem is written as an exhortation to a group of young women, putting forward the singer as an example to emulate. [14]
Ruby Blondell argues that the whole poem is a parody and reworking of the scene in book five of the Iliad between Aphrodite, Athena, and Diomedes. [31] Sappho's Homeric influence is especially clear in the third stanza of the poem, where Aphrodite's descent to the mortal world is marked by what Keith Stanley describes as "a virtual invasion of ...
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In the conceit of the poem, Anactoria is about to leave Sappho, and Sappho initially longs for the goddess Aphrodite to return Anactoria to her. [31] By the end, however, Sappho rejects Anactoria and the gods in favour of poetry, which she had initially proclaimed herself willing to sacrifice for Anactoria's love. [32]