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The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. [1] It followed the Nara period , beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu , moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto ).
A young woman modelling a jūnihitoe. The jūnihitoe (十二単, lit. ' twelve layers '), more formally known as the itsutsuginu-karaginu-mo (五衣唐衣裳), is a style of formal court dress first worn in the Heian period by noble women and ladies-in-waiting at the Japanese Imperial Court.
Murasaki Shikibu wrote her diary at the Heian imperial court between c. 1008 – c. 1010.She is depicted here in a c. 1765 nishiki-e by Komatsuken.. The Diary of Lady Murasaki (紫式部日記, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki) is the title given to a collection of diary fragments written by the 11th-century Japanese Heian era lady-in-waiting and writer Murasaki Shikibu.
Tomoe Gozen. The Genpei War (1180–1185) was a war between the Taira (Heike) and Minamoto (Genji) clans, two very prominent Japanese clans of the late-Heian period.The epic The Tale of the Heike was composed in the early 13th century in order to commemorate the stories of courageous and devoted samurai. [7]
The Thirty-Six Immortal Women Poets (女房三十六歌仙, Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen) is a canon of Japanese poets who were anthologized in the middle Kamakura period. The compiler and exact date of the canon's construction is unknown, [ 1 ] but its reference is subsequently noted in the Gunsho Ruijū , volume 13.
The Heian era saw an early synthesis of Buddhist and Shinto beliefs in Japan, and the integration of a Confucian legal system from China. [2] The introduction of a more patriarchal confucianist social structure, resulted in a decline in power for female shamans and shrine priestesses.
Shirabyōshi became popular as entertainers in the 12th century, and many women then chose to be shirabyōshi because of their popularity. A shirabyōshi was always a woman who dressed in men's attire. [7] They were popular in the late Heian and early Kamakura period in the 12th century, but during the 13th century, their status declined. [8]
Despite women in the Heian period still being less socially important than men, the writers studied today for their creativity and wordplay wrote in hiragana. Males tended to use kanji exclusively due to demonstrate their command of a writing system borrowed from their neighbour, China. The newer, exclusively Japanese hiragana was used by women.
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