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A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. [2] ... Suggested mantle plume locations
There is an ongoing discussion about whether the hotspot is caused by a deep mantle plume or originates at a much shallower depth. [3] Recently, seismic tomography studies have found seismic wave speed anomalies under Iceland, consistent with a hot conduit 100 km (62 mi) across that extends to the lower mantle.
An example of mantle plume locations suggested by one recent group. [9] Figure from Foulger (2010). [4] Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain (Hawaii hotspot) Louisville Ridge (Louisville hotspot) Walvis Ridge (Gough and Tristan hotspot) Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain (Bowie hotspot) Cobb–Eickelberg Seamount chain (Cobb hotspot)
An example of plume locations suggested by one recent group. [38] Figure from Foulger (2010). [3] Many different localities have been suggested to be underlain by mantle plumes, and scientists cannot agree on a definitive list. Some scientists suggest that several tens of plumes exist, [38] whereas others suggest that there are none. [3]
A powerful mantle plume, an area that is hotter than the surrounding magma, sits below it, which melts and thins the Earth’s crust, putting Iceland at a constant risk of volcanic eruption ...
Since the 1990s, evidence has been found in favor of mantle plumes beneath the EAR. [10] Others proposed an African superplume causing mantle deformation. [11] [12] [13] Although the effects of deep-rooted mantle plumes are an important hypothesis, their location and dynamics are poorly understood, and a matter of active research. [14]
The resulting motion forms small clusters of small plumes right above the core-mantle boundary that combine to form larger plumes and then contribute to superplumes. The Pacific and African LLSVP, in this scenario, are originally created by a discharge of heat from the core (4000 K) to the much colder mantle (2000 K); the recycled lithosphere ...
The deep mantle plume hypothesis on Canary hotspot formation proposes how the current-day Canary islands rested above a province of tholeiitic magma during the Triassic Period. The province, known as the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), became active and extended over 10 million km 2 , developing into what scientists call today the ...