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Along the inner margin of the tarsus are modified sebaceous glands known as tarsal glands (or meibomian glands), aligned vertically within the tarsi: 30 to 40 glands in the upper lid, and 20 to 30 in the lower lid, which secrete a lipid-rich product which helps keep the lacrimal secretions or tears from evaporating too quickly, thus keeping the ...
Meibomian gland dysfunction is more often seen in women and is regarded as the main cause of dry eye disease. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Factors that contribute to meibomian gland dysfunction can include things such as a person's age and/or hormones, [ 16 ] or severe infestation of Demodex brevis mite.
The superior tarsal muscle receives its innervation from the sympathetic nervous system.Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical ganglion, and travel via the internal carotid plexus, where small branches communicate with the oculomotor nerve as it passes through the cavernous sinus. [1]
The levator palpebrae superioris receives motor innervation from the superior division of the oculomotor nerve. [1] [2] [3] The smooth muscle that originates from its undersurface, called the superior tarsal muscle is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic axons from the superior cervical ganglion.
The eyelid is made up of several layers; from superficial to deep, these are: skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi, orbital septum and tarsal plates, and palpebral conjunctiva. The meibomian glands lie within the eyelid and secrete the lipid part of the tear film.
These are the forehead glands (on the forehead), the preorbital glands (below the eyes), the nasal glands (inside the nostrils), the interdigital glands (between the toes), the preputial gland (inside the foreskin of the deer's penis), the metatarsal glands (outside of the hind legs), and the tarsal glands (located inside of the hind legs). [7]
Sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion innervate blood vessels (vasoconstriction), sweat glands, and 4 eye muscles: the dilator pupillae, the superior tarsal muscle, the inferior tarsal muscle and the orbitalis. The dilator pupillae dilates the pupil; its action is antagonistic to the sphincter pupillae. Pupil size is therefore ...
Tarsal may refer to: Tarsal artery (disambiguation) Tarsal bone; Tarsal glands; tarsus (skeleton) (skeleton) tarsus (eyelids) (eye) superior tarsal muscle (eye) See ...