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The crystallized magma forms a new crust of basalt known as MORB for mid-ocean ridge basalt, and gabbro below it in the lower oceanic crust. [16] Mid-ocean ridge basalt is a tholeiitic basalt and is low in incompatible elements. [17] [18] Hydrothermal vents fueled by magmatic and volcanic heat are a common feature at oceanic spreading centers.
Diagram of a mid-ocean ridge showing ridge push near the mid-ocean ridge and the lack of ridge push after 90 Ma. Ridge push is the result of gravitational forces acting on the young, raised oceanic lithosphere around mid-ocean ridges, causing it to slide down the similarly raised but weaker asthenosphere and push on lithospheric material farther from the ridges.
Each boundary type is associated with different geological marine features. Divergent plates are the cause for mid-ocean ridge systems while convergent plates are responsible for subduction zones and the creation of deep ocean trenches. Transform boundaries cause earthquakes, displacement of rock, and crustal deformation. [8] [27] [26] [28]
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge system separates the North American plate and the South American plate in the west from the African plate and the Eurasian plate in the east; The Gakkel Ridge is a slow spreading ridge located in the Arctic Ocean; The East Pacific Rise, extending from the South Pacific to the Gulf of California; The Baikal Rift Zone in ...
The largest and best known undersea mountain range is a mid-ocean ridge, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. [1] It has been observed that, "similar to those on land, the undersea mountain ranges are the loci of frequent volcanic and earthquake activity". [2]
Carlsberg Ridge – Tectonic plate ridge; Southeast Indian Ridge – Mid-ocean ridge in the southern Indian Ocean; Southwest Indian Ridge – A mid-ocean ridge on the bed of the south-west Indian Ocean and south-east Atlantic Ocean; Mid-Atlantic Ridge – Atlantic Ocean tectonic plate boundary Kolbeinsey Ridge (North of Iceland) Mohns Ridge
The Charlie–Gibbs fracture zone has large amounts of mid-ocean ridge igneous and metamorphic rocks. [ 3 ] : 2 At the eastern termination off shore of Newfoundland there is an igneous province found within the otherwise nonvolcanic rifted margin in the region of transition between oceanic and continental crust.
Transform faults move differently from a strike-slip fault at the mid-oceanic ridge. Instead of the ridges moving away from each other, as they do in other strike-slip faults, transform-fault ridges remain in the same, fixed locations, and the new ocean seafloor created at the ridges is pushed away from the ridge.