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Childhood-onset nephrotic syndrome differs from the adult nephrotic syndrome in that the former often has a single common cause that typically responds well to steroid treatment. In adults, there are numerous potential causes, which makes an early kidney biopsy necessary to determine the correct diagnosis and treatment plan. [ 4 ]
Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are usually described by their histology: [21] Minimal change disease (MCD): is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It owes its name to the fact that the nephrons appear normal when viewed with an optical microscope as the lesions are only visible using an electron microscope .
Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
Kidney transplantation outcomes for children with congenital nephrotic syndrome are similar to those of other patient groups. [1] [2] Nephrotic syndrome typically does not reoccur following kidney transplantation, however recurrences have been seen in children with NPHS1 mutations who develop anti-nephrin antibodies. [1] [3] [4]
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome.The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids.
FSGS is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African-Americans and Hispanics, and can affect both children and adults. FSGS is usually treated with steroids, although it has an inconsistent response, and for that reason, especially in adults—FSGS can involve more and more segments of the kidney’s glomeruli to the point where it ...
FSGS is a leading cause of excess protein loss—nephrotic syndrome—in children and adults in the US. [4] Signs and symptoms include proteinuria and edema. [2] [5] Kidney failure is a common long-term complication of the disease.
In nephrotic syndrome, protein loss can be as great as 3.5 grams over 24 hours, much of which is albumin, itself leading to hypoalbuminemia. [3] In children, nephrotic syndrome is commonly a primary disease process that is largely idiopathic, although more genetic causes are being identified with the cost and accessibility of whole exome ...