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An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator , tilt sensor , tilt meter , slope alert , slope gauge , gradient meter , gradiometer , level gauge , level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll ...
The scales are used to associate each section of the stratification to their corresponding depths and temperatures. The arrow is used to show the movement of wind over the surface of the water, which initiates the turnover in the epilimnion and hypolimnion.
Such temperature scales that are purely based on measurement are called empirical temperature scales. The second law of thermodynamics provides a fundamental, natural definition of thermodynamic temperature starting with a null point of absolute zero. A scale for thermodynamic temperature is established similarly to the empirical temperature ...
In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit creates a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. [2] In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the 'centigrade' temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. [3] In 1783, the first hair hygrometer is demonstrated by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure.
The scale is reversible. As shown in the photo, it is set for measuring percent grade. The reverse measures degrees of arc. An Abney level and clinometer is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. An internal mirror allows the ...
Strike and dip are measured in the field using a compass and with a clinometer. A compass is used to measure the azimuth of the strike, and the clinometer measures inclination of the dip. [2] Dr. E. Clar first described the modern compass-clinometer in 1954, and some continue to be referred to as Clar compasses. [10]
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Volcano and Earth movement monitoring then used the water-tube, long baseline tiltmeter. [2] In 1919, the physicist, Albert A. Michelson, noted that the most favorable arrangement to obtain high sensitivity and immunity from temperature perturbations is to use the equipotential surface defined by water in a buried half-filled water pipe. [3]