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  2. List of weather instruments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weather_instruments

    Hygrometer for measuring humidity; Anemometer for measuring wind speed; Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation; Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period of time; Wind sock for measuring general wind speed and wind direction; Wind vane (also called a weather vane or a weathercock) for showing the wind direction

  3. Inclinometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclinometer

    An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator , tilt sensor , tilt meter , slope alert , slope gauge , gradient meter , gradiometer , level gauge , level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll ...

  4. Meteorological instrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorological_instrumentation

    In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit creates a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. [2] In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the 'centigrade' temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. [3] In 1783, the first hair hygrometer is demonstrated by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure.

  5. Topographic Abney level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_Abney_Level

    The scale is reversible. As shown in the photo, it is set for measuring percent grade. The reverse measures degrees of arc. An Abney level and clinometer is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. An internal mirror allows the ...

  6. Gradian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradian

    The chance of confusion was one reason for the adoption of the term Celsius to replace centigrade as the name of the temperature scale. [13] [14] Gradians (Gons) are principally used in surveying (especially in Europe), [15] [7] [16] and to a lesser extent in mining [17] and geology. [18] [19]

  7. Scale of temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_of_temperature

    Such temperature scales that are purely based on measurement are called empirical temperature scales. The second law of thermodynamics provides a fundamental, natural definition of thermodynamic temperature starting with a null point of absolute zero. A scale for thermodynamic temperature is established similarly to the empirical temperature ...

  8. Temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

    Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...

  9. Temperature measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement

    Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation, humidity, and altitude. The abbreviation MAAT is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location.