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Depiction of smooth muscle contraction. Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells. [1] [2] In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length, such as when holding something heavy in the same position. [1]
A fused tetanic contraction is the strongest single-unit twitch in contraction. [6] When tetanized, the contracting tension in the muscle remains constant in a steady state. This is the maximal possible contraction. [3] During tetanic contractions, muscles can shorten, lengthen or remain constant length. [7]
The first muscle protein discovered was myosin by a German scientist Willy Kühne, who extracted and named it in 1864. [7] In 1939 a Russian husband and wife team Vladimir Alexandrovich Engelhardt and Militsa Nikolaevna Lyubimova discovered that myosin had an enzymatic (called ATPase ) property that can break down ATP to release energy. [ 8 ]
The three-element Hill muscle model is a representation of the muscle mechanical response. The model is constituted by a contractile element ( CE ) and two non-linear spring elements , one in series ( SE ) and another in parallel ( PE ).
Latent period (epidemiology), the time interval between when an individual is infected by a pathogen and when he or she becomes capable of infecting other susceptible individuals. Muscle contraction, the time between a stimulus to the nerve and the contraction of the muscle; Virus latency, a period during which a virus remains dormant in a cell ...
“The proportion of slow-twitch to fast-twitch muscle fibers in a particular muscle varies depending on the function of the muscle and the type of training in which an individual participates.
This is now known as the Trousseau sign of latent tetany. [8] Also, tetany can be demonstrated by tapping anterior to the ear, at the emergence of the facial nerve. A resultant twitch of the nose or lips suggests low calcium levels. This is now known as the Chvostek sign. [citation needed]
The US will honor the late former President Jimmy Carter, who died at age 100 on December 29. President Joe Biden declared January 9 as a day of mourning in an executive order – the same day as ...