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  2. Wall of Philip II Augustus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_of_Philip_II_Augustus

    The walls joined the rue Saint-Antoine at the end of the rue Francois Miron. Walls crossed the Ile Saint-Louis, then divided into two small islands. Downstream of the Seine, the wall ended at the Tour du coin near the Louvre (Right Bank), and the Tour de Nesle (formerly Tour Hamelin) on the Left Bank. Upstream, a barrage of heavy chains across ...

  3. Hammerbeam roof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof

    A hammer-beam is a form of timber roof truss, allowing a hammerbeam roof to span greater than the length of any individual piece of timber.In place of a normal tie beam spanning the entire width of the roof, short beams – the hammer beams – are supported by curved braces from the wall, and hammer posts or arch-braces are built on top to support the rafters and typically a collar beam.

  4. Bastion fort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastion_fort

    Medieval curtain walls were torn down, and a ditch was dug in front of them. The earth used from the excavation was piled behind the walls to create a solid structure. While purpose-built fortifications would often have a brick fascia because of the material's ability to absorb the shock of artillery fire, many improvised defences cut costs by ...

  5. Shell keep - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_keep

    A shell keep is a style of medieval fortification, best described as a stone structure circling the top of a motte. In English castle morphology, shell keeps are perceived as the successors to motte-and-bailey castles, with the wooden fence around the top of the motte replaced by a stone wall.

  6. Removable roof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_roof

    The curtain wall with its roof corbels is dominated by a cavalier (Lichtenau Fortress) A removable roof (Abwurfdach) [1] [2] was an easily dismantled construction that protected the curtain walls, cavaliers and bastions of several early modern European fortresses. It was once believed that this construction was as old as the 12th century, but ...

  7. Machicolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machicolation

    Cutaway of a medieval wall. The machicolation is labelled G. In architecture , a machicolation or machicolade [ 1 ] ( French : mâchicoulis ) consists of an opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement through which defenders could target attackers who had reached the base of the defensive wall beneath.

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    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Defensive wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_wall

    When referring to a very thick wall in medieval Europe, what is usually meant is a wall of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) in width, which would have been considered thin in a Chinese context. [17] There are some exceptions such as the Hillfort of Otzenhausen , a Celtic ringfort with a thickness of 40 metres (130 ft) in some parts, but Celtic fort ...